Research Articles
The 1908 Nobel Prize: The Battle for Immunity
Explore the story of Ilya Mechnikov and Paul Ehrlich, whose competing theories of cellular and humoral immunity earned them the 1908 Nobel Prize and founded modern immunology.
The Thorn and the Starfish: How Metchnikoff Discovered Our Inner Defenses
The story of Élie Metchnikoff's discovery of phagocytosis and innate immunity through his experiments with starfish larvae and rose thorns
The Thorn in the Starfish: How Metchnikoff's Garden Experiment Revolutionized Immunology
How Élie Metchnikoff's simple starfish experiment with a rose thorn revealed phagocytosis and founded cellular immunology